Trim and remove any fat that is thicker than ¼ inch. If the fat is too thick the smokey flavor won't be able to penetrate into the meat.
Score the roast by slicing the top fat layer diagonally. Scoring the fat helps the heat pass through the fat layer and allows the fat to render down into the meat keeping it moist.
Pat the surface of the roast dry with paper towels. Drying the surface of the roast will help to create a crisp outer crust.
Season the pork roast. Rub the outside of the roast with olive oil and season with your favorite bbq rub.
Load wood pellets into the hopper of the smoker. See my suggestions above when selecting the best wood pellets for smoking a pork roast.
Preheat the smoker. On a Traeger grill, open the lid and select the SMOKE setting and let it preheat and smoke for 5-10 minutes. If you have a different smoker, consult your manual for specific directions.
Increase the heat to 225°F (107°C).
Place the pork roast on the smoker with the fat side up. As it smokes the fat will melt basting the meat below.
Smoke the pork roast for 3 hours. Try to limit how often you open the lid of the smoker. Opening the lid too often will increase the smoke time.
Increase the heat to 350°F (180°C) and move the pork roast to a large aluminum foil pan. Cook until the internal temperature of the meat reaches 190°F (88°C). Approximately 3 to 4 hours depending on the size of your roast.
Remove the pork roast from the smoker and let it rest on the counter loosely tented with aluminum foil for 10 to 20 minutes.
For the most tender slices of pork slice against the grain of the meat.